mark15
T8-T9 intervertebral disc.
Inferior Vena Cava. Note - ICV is adherent to the margins of the caval opening. During diaphragmatic contraction, the opening and thus, the vena cava are dilated, which allows more blood through the IVC.
Jugular notch, clavicular notch, manubriosternal joint/sternal angle, rib articulations, xiphoid process, xiphoisternal joint.
Marks the inferior border of the heart, the central tendon of the diaphragm, and the upper reaches of the liver.
T12 vertebral body
Aorta, thoracic duct, and the azygos vein. Note - the aortic hiatus transmits structures posterior to the diaphragm, so they are not affected by diaphragmatic contractions.
T10 vertebral body.
Esophagus, esophageal artery, and the vagal trunks (nerves).
Sternal Angle (of Louis) through the thorax to the T4-T5 intervertebral disc space.
1) Separates the superior and inferior mediastinum. 2) Marks the level of the carina, trachea bifurcation into main-stem bronchi. 3) Marks transition ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending aorta. 4) Azygous vein drains into the SVC.
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Phrenic nerve (C3, 4, and 5)
1) Caval opening. 2) Esophageal Hiatus. 3) Aortic Haitus.
Superficial-most layer; elevates ribs during forced inspiration.
Intermediate layer; depresses ribs during forced expiration.
Deepest layer; depresses ribs during forced expiration. Note - the fibers are directed in the same orientation as the internal intercostals.
Intercostal vein, artery, and nerve. Run in along the costal groove (at the inferior border of the rib) between the internal intercostal and innermost intercostal muscles.
Supplies motor and sensory innervation to diaphragm; Supplies somatic sensory innervation to the mediastinal pleura and pericardium.
Requires energy. Diaphragm is the primary muscle involved along with the external intercostals. Accessory muscles - SCM and and scalene muscles.
Usually passive, relying on the elasticity of the lungs and rib cage to recoil. Forced expiration is aided by intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles.
Ribs 1-7
Ribs 8-10
Ribs 11-12